BIOCHEMISTRY

Steven P. Romberger (2014), Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Director of the Biochemistry Program
B.S. Susquehanna University;
Ph.D. Pennsylvania State University
Academic Interests:  biochemistry, photosynthetic reaction centers, protein structure-function relationships, bioenergetics

Prudence Hall (1988), Professor Emerita of Biology and Chemistry
A.B., Oberlin College;
M.S., Ph.D., Michigan State University
Academic Interests: biochemistry, molecular biology, and plant physiology

Department Web address: http://www.hiram.edu/biochem

Introduction

Recent advances in molecular biology and bio-analytical chemistry have spawned new areas of interest in biochemistry, such as the field of metabolomics (identification of unique fingerprints that the cell leaves behind). The laboratory portion of the biochemistry courses incorporate such technological advances as gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and cell culture in a variety of ongoing research projects at Hiram College. Laboratory experience and training allows students to become familiar with how biochemistry can be used to understand problems of human health, agriculture, and the environment. The potential and limits of knowledge in the discipline are also considered. The coursework for the major will prepare the student for further study in graduate school (in either biology or chemistry), or professional school (medical, veterinary, etc.), and for entry into other careers in the life and chemical sciences (i.e. pharmaceutical/biotech industry).

Training in biochemistry at the undergraduate level is based upon a firm foundation in the basic sciences and mathematics with an emphasis on research as part of the classroom experience. Core courses introduce the student to the principles that organize and maintain the complex inter-workings of living cells and organisms. Knowledge of basic cell structure and of the molecules of which cells are composed is required. Topics in the biochemistry courses range from protein structure in Basic Biochemistry to cancer biology in Intermediate Biochemistry.

Requirements for Biochemistry Major:

Biochemistry major must complete 15 courses in the natural sciences, not including General Chemistry (Chemistry 12000, 12100). A student wishing to major in biochemistry MUST be advised by the biochemistry professor.

Biochemistry Pathway

Core Courses:

Introduction to Biology: How Life Works (Biology 15200) waived by permission if the student has taken honors biology or received a 4 on the biology placement test
Organic Chemistry (Chemistry 22000, 32000)
Molecular and Cellular Biology (Biology 23000)
Genetics (Biology 36500)
Physical Chemistry I (Chemistry 35000)
Basic Biochemistry (Biology/Chemistry 36600)
Intermediate Biochemistry (Biology/Chemistry 36800)

The Internship Experience provides laboratory experience in different disciplines within biochemistry (biological, chemical, and medical research) and may be completed on or off campus.  The student gives a presentation of the research project to fellow students, faculty, and other interested people. The student also writes a paper, in scientific journal format, about the research.

Internship (Biology 49800 or Chemistry 49800 (Senior Seminar)

Biochemistry seniors have the option of completing an APEX presentation (Biology 49800 during the fall or spring semester) worth 4 credit hours or a chemistry seminar (Chemistry 48000) during spring semester worth one credit hour.

Required Correlative Courses (four courses)

Courses in mathematics and physics provide the biochemistry student with important quantitative tools and a solid understanding of physical concepts important to biochemistry.

Calculus I, II (Mathematics 19800, 19900)
Fundamentals of Physics I, II (Physics 21300, 21400)

Typical Schedule

FIRST YEAR - FALL 12 Week
   CHEM 12000
   MATH 19800
FIRST YEAR - SPRING 12 Week
   CHEM 12100
   BIOL 15200
SOPHOMORE - FALL 12 Week
   CHEM 22000
   BIOL 23000
SOPHOMORE - SPRING 12 Week
   CHEM 32000
   MATH 19900
JUNIOR - FALL 12 Week
   BCHM 36600
   PHYS 21300
JUNIOR - FALL 3 Week
   CHEM 3xxxx
JUNIOR - SPRING 12 Week
   BCHM 36800
   PHYS 21400
JUNIOR - SPRING 3 Week
   BIOL 3xxxx
SENIOR - FALL 12 Week
   CHEM 35000
SENIOR - SPRING 12 Week
   BIOL 36500
   CHEM 48000

Minor in Entrepreneurship

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

BCHM 18000: WORKSHOP: 1 hour(s)

Workshops may be taken Pass/No Credit only. Students may take no more than nine workshops for credit toward graduation. Workshops can be used as elective credit only.

BCHM 28000: SEMINAR 1 - 4 hour(s)

BCHM 28100: INDEPENDENT STUDY 1 - 4 hour(s)

BCHM 29800: FIELD EXPERIENCE 1 - 4 hour(s)

BCHM 36600: BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

Biochemistry studies the molecules and chemical reactions in living organisms. Topics include the structure and chemical properties of major macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides) of living organisms, the role of enzymes and enzyme pathways by which these molecules are synthesized and degraded, and the cellular mechanisms which regulate and integrate metabolic processes. The laboratory emphasizes tools of biochemical analysis (protein and lipid isolation, chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation, mass spectrometry, enzyme and antibody studies) in an examination of physical, chemical, and biological properties of biologically important molecules. Must register for a BCHM 36600 lab. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours. Prerequisites: CHEM (320 or 32000). This course was previously listed as BIOL/CHEM (366 or 36600).

BCHM 36800: INTERMEDIATE BIOCHEMISTRY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

This course will examine some topics introduced in Basic Biochemistry expounds on the principles learned in Basic Biochemistry to the study of cancer, diabetes, toxicology, drug discovery and environmental and genetic factors to contribute to disease. Pathways associated with these diseases are also studied. Correlatively, students grow cells in the laboratory and study a variety of effects to these cells. Must also register for a BCHM 36800 lab. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours. Prerequisite: BCHM 366 or 36600. This course was previously listed as BIOL/CHEM 368 or 36800.

BCHM 38000: SEMINAR 4 hour(s)

BCHM 38100: SPECIAL TOPICS 4 hour(s)

BCHM 48000: SENIOR SEMINAR 1 - 4 hour(s)

BCHM 48100: INDEPENDENT RESEARCH 1 - 4 hour(s)

BCHM 48300: RESEARCH TECHNIQUES BIOCHEMISTRY 1 - 4 hour(s)

This course provides an opportunity for collaborative research among students and faculty. No more than six students will work with a faculty member on a defined research project. While the faculty member will guide the research project, all members of the team will work together to delineate the role(s) each will play. Students may use this research as the basis for their senior seminar (Chemistry) or APEX requirement, but only with the prior written consent of the instructor. Previously listed as BIOL/CHEM (483 or 48300).

BCHM 49800: INTERNSHIP 4 hour(s)

BIOLOGY

Jennifer Clark (2012), Associate Professor of Biology
B.S., Ph.D., Kent State University
Academic Interests: aquatic ecology and invertebrate communities

Cara Constance (2008), Associate Professor of Biology
B.A., Hiram College;
Ph.D., University of Virginia
Academic Interests: molecular genetics; molecular basis of biological rhythms

Bradley Goodner (2001), Professor of Biology; Edward J. Smerek Chair of Mathematics, the Sciences, and Technology; Director of Center for Scientific Engagement
B.S., Texas A & M University;
Ph.D., Purdue University
Academic Interests: microbiology, molecular genetics, genomics and bioinformatics

Prudence Hall (1988), Professor Emerita of Biology and Chemistry
A.B., Oberlin College;
M.S., Ph.D., Michigan State University
Academic Interests: plant physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology

Nicolas Hirsch (2008), Associate Professor of Biology, Faculty Chair
B.A., University of Chicago;
Ph.D., University of California, San Diego
Academic Interests: embryonic development and neurobiology

Tom Koehnle (2007), Associate Professor of Biology; Neuroscience Program Coordinator
B.S., Ohio University;
Ph.D., University of California, Davis
Academic Interests: animal sensory signals, behavior, and physiology

Sandra Madar (1994), Professor of Biology; Director, Strategic Academic Initiatives
B.S., University of Michigan;
Ph.D., Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine and Kent State University
Academic Interests: mammalian paleontology

Julie Maxson (2012), Research Teaching Professional
B.S., M.S., University of Dayton;
Ph.D., Purdue University
Academic Interests: cell and molecular biology

Dennis Taylor (1979), Professor of Biology, Retired; Distinguished Professor of International Grants
B.A., Hiram College;
Ph.D., Cornell University
Academic Interests: aquatic and terrestrial ecology, vertebrate field studies, and wetlands

Department Web Site: http://www.hiram.edu/biology

Introduction

Do you have an interest in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria? Are you driven to explore all aspects of life in both the laboratory and in the field? Are you interested in molecules, cells, organisms, ecosystems, and evolution? Hiram students begin their studies of biology by developing comprehensive knowledge about life processes on the ecosystem, organismal, cellular, and molecular levels. Our faculty members help students focus that knowledge within deeper fields of specialization, such as animal behavior, biochemistry, molecular biology, human anatomy, neuroscience, ecology, genomics, and systematics. We encourage our students to explore the numerous fields of study available to biologists before identifying an area on which to concentrate, including interdisciplinary programs such as biochemistry, biomedical humanities, and neuroscience. This exploration takes place in the classroom, in the laboratory, in the field, and between faculty members and students. 

Students majoring in biology at Hiram College participate in a curriculum that culminates in the APEX capstone experience.  APEX is defined as "the highest point" and our curriculum is designed to provide each student with the foundation and depth necessary to advance to the highest levels of any career path they pursue, whether they begin with graduate education, professional school, or a first job.  The curriculum does this by ensuring a broad background in biology as well as allowing the student significant flexibility and choice as he or she matures within the discipline.  All students practice problem solving, critical thinking, and the scientific method within a dynamic, challenging, and supportive scholarly environment.

Students who are interested in the life sciences and have yet to declare a major may consider biology or one of its closely related programs.

Biology students have the option of pursuing a major or a minor in the department.

The Biology Curriculum

To complete a degree in biology, students must take a minimum of 45 credit hours of coursework, spread over six core classes, three electives, and three correlative courses taken from other disciplines on campus.

Biology Pathway

Requirements for Majors

Core courses (21 credits)

BIOL 15100 Introductory Biology I
BIOL 15200 Introductory Biology II
BIOL 23000 Molecular and Cellular Biology
BIOL/EVST 27800 Ecology
BIOL 36500 Genetics
BIOL 48110 Apprenticeship Experience (APEX 1-2 cr. hr.)

Correlative courses (12 credits)

Success in the discipline of biology requires some additional training beyond the biology classroom. Students must therefore complete two courses in chemistry and one course from the menu of quantitative reasoning courses offered below.

CHEM 12000 General Chemistry I, Structure and Bonding, with lab (4 credits)
CHEM 12100 General Chemistry II, Intro to Chemical Analysis, with lab (4 credits)

One from this list:

MATH 10800 Statistics (4 credits)
MATH 19800 Calculus I (4 credits)
PHYS 11300 Principles of Physics I, with lab (4 credits)
PHYS 21300 Fundamentals of Physics I, with lab (4 credits)
BIOL 21500 Experimental Methods w/ Lab (4 credits)

Elective courses (9-12 credits)

The core courses in the biology major expose students to a range of sub-disciplines and methods that span the breadth and depth of biology as a science. To complete their education, each student will select a track within biology and take three additional courses at the 20000 level or higher (except as noted) to gain additional experience and expertise within that chosen area.

Elective tracks in Biology:

• Organismal Biology
• Ecology and Evolution
• Genes, Genomes, and Cells
• Bio-Innovation
• Pre-Medical
• Pre-Veterinary
• Pre-Physical Therapy

Coursework recommended for each track is listed below. Note that students may opt to modify and redesign their own areas of expertise or take alternate courses to fulfill requirements within a track with the advice and consent of their Biology Department advisor.

Organismal Biology  Complete 3 courses from the following list including at least one plant course & one zoology course:

BIOL 22300 Vertebrate Biology w/ Lab
BIOL 25000 Introduction To Wildlife Management And Techniques-W/Lab
BIOL 28000 Plant Biology w/ Lab
BIOL 32000 Invertebrate Zoology w/ Lab
BIOL 32800 Animal Behavior w/ Lab
BIOL 33200 Plant Physiology w/ Lab
BIOL 33800 Microbiology w/ Lab
BIOL 38000 Ornithology
BIOL 38000 Herpetology

Ecology and Evolution  Complete Evolution (BIOL 33500) and two additional courses from the following list:

BIOL 22300 Vertebrate Biology w/ Lab
BIOL 25000 Introduction To Wildlife Management And Techniques-W/Lab
BIOL 28000 Plant Biology w/ Lab
BIOL 30000 Field Biology w/ Lab
BIOL 31000 Fisheries Biology w/ Lab
BIOL 32000 Invertebrate Zoology w/ Lab
BIOL 32800 Animal Behavior w/ Lab
BIOL 34200 Marine Ecology w/ Lab
BIOL 34500 Forest Ecology Methods w/ Lab
BIOL 34300 Conservation Biology w/ Lab

Teaching Biology*

Complete BIOL 32600 Animal Physiology w/ Lab and two courses from the following list, including at least one plant biology course:

BIOL 22300 Vertebrate Biology w/ Lab 
BIOL 28000 Plant Biology w/ Lab
BIOL 32000 Invertebrate Zoology w/ Lab
BIOL 33200 Plant Physiology w/ Lab
BIOL 33500 Evolution

*Note: Students interested in a career in teaching biology may need to obtain additional required classes for state licensure. They should meet with an advisor in the Education Department as early as possible in their career at Hiram to ensure timely completion of all licensure requirements.

Genes, Genomes and Cells  Complete 3 courses from the following list:

NEUR 22700 Introduction to Neuroscience
BIOL 20100 Topics in Medical Research
BIOL 33000 Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
BIOL 33800 Microbiology w/ Lab
BIOL 34000 Developmental Biology w/ Lab
BIOL 37800 Immunology
BIOL 41500 Advanced Molecular Biology w/ Lab 
INTD 38800 Bioinformatics

Bio-Innovation  Complete Science & the Entrepreneur (ENTR 10100) and two biology electives at the 30000 level or higher, chosen in consultation with a Biology Department advisor. Students in this track are highly encouraged to pursue an entrepreneurship minor. 

Pre-Medical or Pre-Veterinary* 

Students in the pre-medical/pre-veterinary track shall take Basic Biochemistry** (BCHM 36600) and two courses from the following list to complete the biology major:

BIOL 223000 Vertebrate Biology w/ Lab
NEUR 22700 Introduction to Neuroscience w/ Lab
BIOL 32600 Animal Physiology w/ Lab
BIOL 33800 Microbiology w/ Lab
BIOL 37800 Immunology
BIOL 38000 Cancer Biology
BIOL 32100 Parasitology

*Note: Students interested in a career in human or veterinary medicine who major in biology may be required to take multiple additional correlative courses outside the biology major if they wish to be competitive in their application to med or vet school. These correlatives are set by the med or vet schools and are not required to complete the biology major at Hiram College. These correlatives may include Physics 11300/11400 or Physics 21300/21400 as well as Psychology 10100 and Sociology/Anthropology 10500. Students should meet with their Biology Department advisor early in their college career to ensure they are on track to graduate from Hiram with all the necessary pre-requisites for the med or vet schools of their choice.

**Note: Chemistry 22000 and 32000 are pre-requisites for BCHM 36600 and also requirements for all students applying to med or vet school.

Biomedical Engineering (as part of Engineering 3+2 program with CWRU or WUSTL)*

Students are required to complete MATH 19800, 19900, 20000, & 24300, CHEM 22000, PHYS 21300 & 21400, CPSC 17000 or 17200, Animal Physiology (BIOL 32600) and one course from the following list:

          BIOL 22300 Vertebrate Biology w/ Lab
          NEUR 22700 Introduction to Neuroscience w/ Lab

*Note: Students can substitute the Human Anatomy and Physiology sequence (BIOL 13100 & 13300) for the Introductory Biology sequence (BIOL 15100 & 15200). One BIOL elective and the APEX capstone are waived. Students interested in the biomedical engineering option should talk with Mark Taylor, Professor of Physics, as early as possible to make sure that they can complete the Hiram College portion of the 3+2 program on time.

Pre-Physical Therapy*

Students are required to complete Biology 13100 and 13300 (Human Anatomy and Physiology w/ Lab) and one course from the following list:

          BIOL 22300 Vertebrate Biology w/ Lab
          NEURO 22700 Introduction to Neuroscience w/ Lab
          BIOL 32600 Animal Physiology w/ Lab
          BIOL 34000 Developmental biology w/ Lab 
          BIOL 37800 Immunology

*Note: Students interested in a career in physical therapy who major in biology may be required to take multiple additional correlative courses outside the biology major if they wish to be competitive in their application to PT school. These correlatives are set by the PT schools and are not required to complete the biology major at Hiram College. Some of these correlatives include Physics 11300/11400 or Physics 21300/21400, as well as Psychology 10100 and Sociology/Anthropology 10500, and Math 10800. Students should meet with their Biology Department advisor early in their college career to ensure they are on track to graduate from Hiram with all the necessary pre-requisites for the PT schools of their choice.
 

APEX

The apprenticeship experience, or APEX, is designed as the culmination of a student's program in biology.  The APEX allows each student to apply his or her expertise in a variety of contexts.  This concrete experience can be achieved through an independent or collaborative research project on campus, a research techniques course and project, an internship off campus, or student teaching of biology in middle or secondary school.  All students prepare and submit a scientific paper to the faculty supervisor and present a public lecture based upon the apprenticeship experience.  Majors are required to meet with their biology faculty advisor no later than the advising period in the fall semester of the junior year to discuss options for the apprenticeship experience.

Requirements for Honors in Biology

To be a candidate for honors in the APEX program in biology, a student must satisfy the College requirements for honors and must initiate and complete a high quality apprenticeship (APEX). The student must conduct himself/herself in a professional manner from inception to culmination of the apprenticeship experience.

Phi Beta Kappa

To receive the honor of induction into the Hiram College chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, a biology major must complete the major (any track is acceptable), maintain a GPA of 3.7 or higher, take and pass a foreign language through 20200 course, and take and pass a mathematics course at or above 19800 level.

Requirements for Minors

Students wishing to earn a minor in biology must complete a total of six courses in biology. 

All students seeking a minor must complete the Introductory Biology sequence:

BIOL 15100 Introductory Biology I w/ Lab (4 credits)
BIOL 15200 Introductory Biology II w/ Lab (4 credits)

All students seeking a minor must complete one of these two options:

BIOL 23000 Molecular and Cellular Biology with lab* (4 credits)
BIOL 27800 Ecology with lab (4 credits)

*Note: Completion of BIOL 23000 is not possible until CHEM 12000 and 12100 are completed as prerequisites.
         
The minor also requires completion of three additional biology electives at the 20000 level or higher chosen from the biology course catalog with the assistance of a designated biology minor advisor.

Natural History Minor

Biology majors who want to also earn a natural history minor must take Environmental Education (EDUC/EVST 20500), 3 field-based courses with at least one from each of the first and second categories below, and one context course from the third category below.

Field-based organismal courses: 

EVST 38000 Ornithology
BIOL 38000 Herpetology
BIOL Entomology

Field-based systems courses:    

BIOL 34500 Forest Ecology
BIOL/EVST 25000 Wildlife Management
BIOL 34200 Marine Ecology
BIOL 38000 Aquatic Biology
BIOL 30000 Field Biology
BIOL 35500 Wetlands, Rivers, & Coastal Plains

Context courses:

EVST 33800 Environmental Policy
BIOL 34300 Conservation Biology
ART 25900 Environmental Art
WRIT 21400 Writing About Nature
INTD 28000 Climate Change
INTD 22500 Humans and the Environment

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

BIOL 10100: BEGINNING FIELD BIOLOGY-W/LAB:SM 4 hour(s)

An introduction to various ecosystems in temperate, tropical, desert, montane, and marine environments covering the diversity of plant and animal species and their structural and functional adaptations. Each time the course is offered it concentrates on a particular geographic area and its distinctive habitats and organisms, interactions and interrelationships among the organisms, and the abiotic factors that constrain populations. Designed for students majoring outside the sciences who have taken no other biology courses. Cannot be counted toward a biology major. Student must also register for a BIOL 10100 lab. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours. This course fulfills the Experimental Scientific Methods requirement.

BIOL 10200: BIOLOGY OF THE SQUIRREL:SM 3 hour(s)

This course is designed for nonmajors. Students taking this course will receive an intensive introduction to general problems in the study of behavioral ecology, with a specific focus on foraging, defensive behavior, social behavior, reproduction, habitat selection, and physiology. How does body size determine food choices? How do individuals living in the same area cooperate or do battle to establish territory? How does the diversity of species in the environment impact the choice of home range? How can small animals escape from, or cope with, predation? The Eastern Gray Squirrel will serve as a model species in this course. Students will read extensively in the primary and secondary literatures of animal behavior and behavioral ecology. All students will carry out a field based project studying the behavior and or ecology of the gray squirrel. Appropriate for non-majors. This course fulfills the Experimental Scientific Methods requirement.

BIOL 10300: EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE:SM 3 hour(s)

Do cell phones cause cancer? Do aluminum cooking pots cause Alzheimer's disease? Does taking vitamins actually reduce the incidence of cancer? Students taking this course will receive an introduction to the history of study of microbes, vitamins, and environmental toxins. The course will emphasize the roles of investigators, data analysis, and differing interpretations of evidence in the expansion of the Germ Theory of disease, the death of Vitalism, and the explication of the development of modern toxicology. Each student will build a collection of scientific literature related to one of these health topics, and evaluate a medical hypothesis for their final project in the class. This course will help to train beginning students in some basic theories in and history of biology, and prepare them to advance into upper division coursework related to medicine or other health careers, as well as fulfill the general education goals for scientific literacy and methods. Appropriate for non-majors. This course fulfills the Scientific Methods requirement.

BIOL 12500: TOPICS IN BIOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND EXPERIMENTS FOR NON-MAJORS: SM 4 hour(s)

This course takes both a concept-based and hands-on approach to learning the basic principles and unifying concepts of biology. Students will experience scientific exploration and inquiry and the rigor of the scientific method by applying biological theories to experimental data collected during the course. Further, a special focus on interpretation of results and their application to broad scale consequences will emphasize the importance of biological systems to everyday life. Specific topics of study will be chosen by the instructor. Appropriate for non-majors.

BIOL 13100: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

This course will familiarize students with the fundamental principles involved in the structure and function of the human body. Topics include basic cell biology and tissue structure. The course will also cover the structure and function of the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, and nervous systems. The laboratory includes study of the human skeleton, muscles, brain, animal disseciton, and experiments in human physiology. This is the first part of a two-semester course. Includes a 3-hour lab. Students must register for a BIOL 13100 lab. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours. Corequisite: Chemistry (161 or 16100) or 10600, Nursing students only, or permission of the department.

BIOL 13300: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

This is the second of a two semester sequence on the form and function of all of the systems of the human body. BIOL 133 or 13300 will cover the digestive, respiratory, urinary, cardiovascular, immune, and reproductive systems. Endocrinology, blood chemistry, and metabolism will also be covered. Includes a 3 hour lab. Prerequisite: Biology 131 or 13100 or permission. Corequisite: Chemistry (162 or 16200) or 10600 or permission. Students must register for a BIOL 13300 lab. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 15100: INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY I: BIODIVERSITY, ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

An introduction to the scientific process as exemplified by the study of ecology and evolution. The scientific process will be dissected to understand how scientists make progress in understanding nature works and how science differs from other ways of human understanding. Ecology, the sum of the interactions of organisms with their living and nonliving environment, and evolution, how organisms change and adapt to their surroundings over time, will be explored using examples from all kinds of organisms. Laboratory experience will include many opportunities to work on various aspects of the scientific process (hypothesis generation, data gathering and analysis, hypothesis testing) through a focus on the diversity of life at the James H. Barrow Field Station. Students must register for a BIOL 15100 lab. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 15200: INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY II: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ORGANISMS, CELLS & MOLECULES-W/LAB:SM 4 hour(s)

The purpose of this course is to explore the myriad ways organisms reproduce, develop, acquire nutrients and energy, manage waste, respond to the environment, and exhibit distinctive adaptations that have resulted from evolution. One recurring key concept is the conservative nature of all life's processes in all organisms. This is evident in the similarities found in primary energy metabolism (i.e., cellular respiration and photosynthesis), other aspects of metabolism (biomolecular building blocks and the macromolecules they form), reproduction, protein synthesis, energy flow and nutrient cycling, and managing/regulating water intake and retention. All organisms also detect and respond to their environment on many levels (orgnismal, organ, cellular, and subcellular), and biologists find both similarities and differences among all of life in these respects. Prerequisite: BIOL 15100 or permission. This course fulfills the Experimental Scientific Methods requirement. Students must register for a BIOL 15200 lab. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 18000: WORKSHOP 1 hour(s)

This workshop will provide the opportunity for students to examine a special topic in Biology. Through readings, discussions and written assignments there will be opportunities to evaluate the topic at issue. Workshops may be taken Pass/No Credit only. Students may take no more than nine workshops for credit toward graduation. Workshops can be used as elective credit only. (For PGS students only.)

BIOL 20100: TOPICS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH 4 hour(s)

This course is for freshmen who are interested in a science major and/or preparation for professional school (health professions) or graduate school in a scientific field. Students will learn how to read cutting edge primary literature on the topics of cancer therapies, stem cell research and therapeutic use, and how information from the Human Genome Project is being used to treat disease. For each of these topics, you will be introduced to a current primary literature article describing the recent progress made in these areas of research. In the lab, you will be learning how to perform genetic engineering, and will also use a technique on your own DNA to identify genetic differences between individuals. The overall goal of this course is to give you the experience you need to be competitive for summer undergraduate research internships, which are essential both for students interested in professions in the health sciences and for students interested in future graduate studies in the sciences. It is most appropriate for students who are thinking about a major or minor in Biology, Biomedical Humanities, Biochemistry, Chemistry, or Neuroscience.

BIOL 20500: SOUTH AFRICA:PREQUEL 1 hour(s)

This 1 credit hour course is a prerequisite for INTD 30140 CHANGING LANDSCAPES:INTEGRATING SOCIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL LANDSCAPES IN AN EXPLORATION OF CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN SOUTH AFRICA.

BIOL 20900: INSECTS AND SOCIETY:ES 3 hour(s)

Insects are the most successful animals on earth: they have the greatest species diversity, they occur nearly everywhere, and they have been impacting humans since the start of civilization. Sometimes these impacts are positive (e.g., pollination), sometimes they are negative (e.g., disease). It has been this way throughout recorded history and will continue to be this way for the foreseeable future. This course begins with a brief introduction to insect biology, which is presented so that all students can be engaged, not just those majoring in the life sciences. Topics include the impacts of insects on our food, homes, and health, as well as the influence of insects on culture, world history, and the long-term maintenance of the earth's critical support systems. Ethical issues that directly or indirectly involve insects are discussed throughout the course and students evaluate how insects are valued by society, how these values are developed, and whether these values are justified. Appropriate for non-majors. This course does not count toward a Biology major or minor. This course fulfills the Meaning, Ethics, and Social Responsibility requirement.

BIOL 21000: RESEARCH DESIGN AND ANALYSIS:SM 4 hour(s)

This course provides a thorough introduction to the research methods, analysis techniques, and writing style used in psychological science. Topics include a review of the scientific method and ethical concerns, problems of definition, measurement, reliability and validity, descriptive and inferential statistics, experimental designs and control procedures. Students will engage in hands-on experience in how psychologists conduct human behavioral research, with an emphasis on methods, computational analyses, and the interpretation of data for a scientific and a lay audience. This course is a required course for all psychology majors and minors, and is a pre-requisite for many other content courses offered by the Psychology Department. Additionally, you must receive at least a ‘C’ in this course for it to count towards a psychology major or minor. This course fulfills the Scientific Methods (SM) Distribution Requirement. Prerequisites: PSYC (101 or 10100) or IES 10100

BIOL 21300: SYSTEMATICS OF NON-VASCULAR PLANTS-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

Classification, identification, ecology, evolution, and comparative morphology of non vascular plants, including algae, fungi, lichens and bryophytes. Emphasis on the evolutionary development in complexity of structure and of reproductive patterns. Current concepts of kingdoms of organisms are also covered. Field work includes identification of mushrooms appearing here in early fall and bryophytes. Individual projects combine basic ecological principles with the study of the local flora. Students must also register for a BIOL 21300 lab. Prerequisites: Biology 151 or 15100, 152 or 15200, or permission. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 21500: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS:SM 4 hour(s)

This course provides a thorough introduction to the research methods, analysis techniques, and writing style used in psychological science. Topics include a review of the scientific method and ethical concerns, problems of definition, measurement, reliability and validity, descriptive and inferential statistics, correlational research, experimental designs and control procedures. Laboratories will provide hands-on experience in how psychologists conduct human behavioral research, with an emphasis on methods, computational analyses, and the interpretation of data. Prerequisite: PSYC 10100. Also listed as BIOL 21500. This course fulfills the Experimental Scientific Methods requirement.

BIOL 22300: VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

An introduction to the vertebrates. Five representative vertebrate dissections with major emphasis on mammalian anatomy in comparison with other forms. The ethology and life cycles, significance in evolution, comparative morphology and taxonomy of the vertebrates are studied in the laboratory, zoological gardens, museums, and James H. Barrow Field Station. Local field trips in the spring. Must also register for a BIOL 22300 Lab component. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours. Prerequisites: Biology 151 or 15100, 152 or 15200, or permission.

BIOL 22700: INTRODUCTION TO NEUROSCIENCE 4 hour(s)

Introduction to neuroscience is a laboratory-based course designed to orient students to the many approaches to neuroscience. In addition to covering the development, evolution, anatomy, and physiology of the nervous system, students will learn about cell and molecular, cognitive and behavioral, computational, and philosophical approaches to the study of the brain. The lecture component of the course emphasizes finding, using, and criticizing primary sources in each domain of neuroscience. The lab component comprises two major original research projects designed, carried out, summarized, and presented by students based on topics that interest them in the lecture component. Students must register for a BIOL 22700 lab. Prerequisite: CHEM (120 or 12000) and PSYC (101 or 10100). CHEM 120 or 12000 is not mandatory, you may ASK instructor for permission. PSYC 101 or 10100 is mandatory.

BIOL 23000: MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

An introduction to the structure and function of proteins and other biological macromolecules, and the fundamentals of cell biology. In addition to traditional lecture, discussion of experiments and problem solving will be components to learning. The major topics discussed in the course will include: 1) The building blocks of a functional cell; 2) cellular components and organization; 3) cell signaling; and 4) cell growth and cell death. Lab will provide hands-on experience with common molecular biology techniques and the opportunity to do original research. Offered every fall 12 week term. Prerequisites: Biology 151 or 15100 and 152 or 15200 (must pass with C- or better); and Chemistry 120 or 12000 and 121 or 12100. Biology 151 or 15100 and/or Chemistry 121 or 12100 may be taken concurrently. Student must also register for a BIOL 23000 lab.

BIOL 23400: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

The fundamental principles involved in the structure and function of the human body. Topics include biochemistry, cell structure, tissue histology, and structure and function of the integumentary, skeletal, nervous, immune, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive and endocrine systems. Laboratory includes study of the human skeleton and anatomy of the cat and simple experiments in human physiology. Prerequisites: Biology 141 or 14100 or 120 or 12000, Chemistry 115 or 11500 or 120 or 12000. Students must also register for a BIOL 23400 lab. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 23800: MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

An introduction to bacterial pathogens, eukaryotic parasites, and viruses with an emphasis on medical applications. Key lecture topics include controlling microbial growth, how prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes, bacterial diversity and identification, bacteria normally found on and in the human body, connecting specific pathogens and parasites to human diseases, blood cell types, innate and adaptive immunity, HIV and AIDS, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity, and vaccines. Lab topics include sterile technique, antiseptics and handwashing, Gram stain, bacterial identification, epidemiology, blood cell counts, and antibody-based medical applications. Prerequisites: Biology 133 or 13300 and Chemistry 162 or 16200 Student must also register for BIOL 23800 lab.

BIOL 25000: INTRODUCTION TO WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AND TECHNIQUES-W/LAB:SM 4 hour(s)

Human population, attitudes, land use, and climate changes are explored in relation to wildlife. Game and non-game species management plans are reviewed. Laws, values, ethics, endangered species, zoos, and poaching are a few of the topics studied. Major substantive questions regarding future habitat and species decline are examined. The student will develop a better understanding of the relationships between wildlife and humans for food, space, habitat and, ultimately, survival. Laboratories will cover management techniques and wildlife identification, and will include field experience. Appropriate for non-majors. Must also register for a lab. Prerequisites: NONE. Also listed as Environmental Studies 250 or 25000. This course fulfills the Experimental Scientific Methods requirement.

BIOL 25500: FROGWATCH 2 hour(s)

In the spring of 2013, Hiram College initiated a citizen science program at the James H. Barrow Field Station as an Association of Zoos and Aquariums FrogWatch USA Chapter. In this 2 credit hour seminar, students will learn about native amphibian species and their wetland habitats, and what factors threaten amphibian populations. We will train students how to identify frog species by their calls and how to conduct a survey and record and submit survey data. In addition, we will develop educational information for the public about native amphibian species and will recruit community members to the program. Once the calling season commences, we will conduct surveys at wetland sites at the James H. Barrow Field Station. The overall goal of this course is to develop a Hiram student-led citizen science program that will help to increase scientific literacy in our community, contribute to amphibian conservation, and to collect long-term, large-scale data on amphibian populations in Portage County.

BIOL 25600: FrogWatch USA:ES 3 hour(s)

Citizen science program for amphibian conservation ~ In the spring of 2013, Hiram College became one of more than 100 FrogWatch USA Chapters in the nation. “FrogWatch USA is AZA’s citizen science program and provides individuals, groups, and families opportunities to learn about wetlands in their communities by reporting on the calls of local frogs and toads.” In this course, students will learn about the biology of amphibian species and their wetland habitats and conservation of species in the face of climate change and human-induced habitat destruction. Since this is an Ethics and Social Responsibility (ES) course, we will focus on the value of amphibians in human society and the consequences of our actions on amphibian populations. As part of the Service Learning component, students will be trained using FrogWatch USA standards to identify frog and toad species by their call, conduct surveys, and record and submit survey data to the national database having the opportunity to become a certified FrogWatch USA volunteer upon passing of an audio and written assessment. Students will also develop and lead community service projects that will help increase scientific literacy related to amphibian conservation in the local area.

BIOL 26100: SCIENCE AND ETHICS OF HUMAN CLONING:ES 4 hour(s)

Imagine a college faculty of Einsteins, or an entire basketball team of LeBron Jameses. Can it be done? Should it be done? What purpose would it serve? These are some of the questions that need to be addressed now that human cloning is cloning is closer than ever to reality. Beginning with a thorough analysis of the biological basis of cloning, this course will go on to explore the ethical arguments on all sides of the human cloning debate. The religious, social, and political issues surrounding human cloning will be discussed, using American and international examples. Appropriate for non-majors. This course fulfills the Meaning, Ethics, and Social Responsibility requirement.

BIOL 26300: UNDERSTANDING YOUR GENES AND GENOME:SM 4 hour(s)

Humans have long known that children look like their parents and other ancestors, but it is only in the last century or so that we have come to understand why. Genetics is critical to all life on Earth, but we usually focus on ourselves. This course will introduce you to modern genetics, what we know and how we know it, and how genetics applies to everyday human life and to key decisions in life. This course will help you understand your family history, your medical history, and potentially the future for you and your children and their children. No biology background required. Basic math skills (simple algebra and simple probabilities) will be taught because biology, and especially genetics, is quantitative. Appropriate for non-majors.

BIOL 26500: HUMAN GENETICS-W/LAB:SM 4 hour(s)

With the completion of the Human Genome Project, it has become increasingly important to consider how changes in our DNA result in disease. This course will focus on understanding contemporary human genetics. We will begin with the Human Genome Project, to gain an understanding of the composition of hereditary material, and of the ways in which genes are expressed into protein. The effects of mutation at the levels of the chromosome and the gene will be examined in order to understand how disease results from changes in DNA sequence. We will then focus on inheritance through replication and the process of meiosis, and will progress to a discussion of classical Mendelian inheritance patterns. Exceptions to simple inheritance patterns will be considered, such as the effects of the environment, sex-linked genes, multifactorial traits, and the ways in which genetics influences behavior. The laboratory will focus on current technology used in genetic testing, mutational analysis, and Mendelian inheritance patterns. Students must also register for BIOL 26500 lab. This course fulfills the Experimental Scientific Methods requirement. Freshmen/Sophomores ONLY.Appropriate for non-majors.

BIOL 26600: HUMAN GENETICS-NO LAB 4 hour(s)

With the completion of the Human Genome Project, it has become increasingly important to consider how changes in our DNA result in disease. This course will focus on understanding contemporary human genetics. We will begin with the human genome project, to gain an understanding of what the hereditary material is composed of, and how genes are expressed into protein. The effects of mutation at the level of the chromosome and the gene will be examined in order to understand how disease results from changes in DNA sequence. We will then focus on inheritance through replication and the process of meiosis, then discuss classical Mendelian inheritance patterns. Exceptions to simple inheritance patterns will be considered, such as the effects of the environment, sex-linked genes, multifactorial traits, and how genetics influences behavior. Additional topics will include the scientific and social aspects of genetic testing, gene therapy, and reproductive technologies.

BIOL 27800: ECOLOGY-W/LAB: 4 hour(s)

In this introductory course we explore the relationships of organisms to one another and their environment. Topics may include climatology, biomes, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeography, species interactions, population biology, community structure and dynamics, niche theory, energy flow and nutrient cycles, landscape ecology, and other relevant concepts that provide a basis for ecological understanding and investigation. The course includes lecture and laboratory components. Labs emphasize the application of the scientific method and the development of skills related to sampling and data interpretation, and will include outdoor field work. Cross-listed with EVST 27800.

BIOL 28000: SEMINAR 4 hour(s)

An introduction to selected topics of current interest in biology. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken for the amount of credit hours listed for the lecture.

BIOL 28100: INDEPENDENT STUDY 1 - 4 hour(s)

A student selects a professor whose interests are compatible with the student's. They develop a program of investigation of the literature, observations, and applicable techniques in this area. A paper covering these activities is submitted to the sponsoring professor.

BIOL 29800: FIELD EXPERIENCE 4 hour(s)

BIOL 30000: FIELD BIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

Study of various ecosystems in temperate, tropical, desert, montane, and marine environments covering the diversity of plant and animal species and their structural and functional adaptations. Each time the course is offered it concentrates on a particular geographic area and its distinctive habitats and organisms, interactions and interrelationships among the organisms, and the abiotic factors that constrain populations. May be taken more than once for credit if taken in different geographic areas, but may serve only once toward a biology major. Students must also register for a BIOL 30000 lab. Prerequisites: Biology 141 or 14100, 142 or 14200, or Biology 151 or 15100, 152 or 15200 or permission. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 31000: FISHERIES BIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

A study of factors that determine the health of world fisheries including: biological factors (population cycles, ocean regime changes, competition and predation), land use factors (on-shore development, pollution, estuarine influences, oil spills, water use), political factors (economic and cultural issues, nutritional and fish resource fads and use, recreational issues, international, state and federal issues) and conservation factors (animal rights and resource use issues). Prerequisites: BIOL 151/15100 and BIOL 152/15200 or EVST 225/22500 and EVST 241/24100 or permission. Students must register for a BIOL 31000 lab. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 32000: INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

The rise of animal multicellularity is traced from the precambrian through the various evolutionary radiations of the cambrian explosion to produce a survey of phylogeny, paleobiology, morphology, physiology, development, behavior, and ecology of invertebrates conducted in a comparative manner. Recent advances in our understanding of invertebrate evolution from current primary literature are incorporated into the class. Terrestrial, freshwater and marine forms are studied in lecture, laboratory, and field trip experiences. Evolution of phylum and class adaptive radiations are emphasized. Students must also register for a BIOL 32000 lab. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours. Prerequisites: Biology 151 or 15100, 152 or 15200, or permission.

BIOL 32100: PARASITOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

Relationships between animal parasites and their hosts from the perspectives of evolution, adaptations, life cycles, parasite damage to hosts, and host defenses against parasites. Molecular to ecological aspects of parasitology are covered. Parasites of wildlife, domestic animals, and humans are studied and the impact of parasitic diseases on human populations worldwide are considered. The laboratory emphasizes techniques of microscopy (light and electron), preparation and identification of specimens, Diagnostic techniques, and life cycle investigations. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours. Students must also register for a BIOL 32100 lab. Prerequisites: Biology 141 or 14100, 142 or 14200, 230 or 23000.

BIOL 32600: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

Life processes of animals, including locomotion, metabolism, nutrition and digestion, water balance, excretion, reproduction, endocrine function, circulation, respiration and temperature regulation.Laboratory experiments illustrate these topics with emphasis on physiological techniques, experimental design and analysis and computer simulation and data analysis. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours. Students must also register for a BIOL 32600 lab. Prerequisite: Biology 152 or 15200.

BIOL 33000: CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY 4 hour(s)

This course is a study of the microscopic parts of the nervous system: the molecular, cellular and developmental aspects of what is arguably the most complex biological system ever studied. We will cover the basic plan of the nervous system, the cellular components of the nervous system (neurons and glia), the electrical properties of neurons, neurotransmitters and synaptic transmission. We will also study the embryonic development of the nervous system, including neurogenesis, axonal pathfinding, neuronal cell death and synapse elimination. In addition, we will discuss primary scientific papers describing fundamental breakthroughs in cellular and molecular neuroscience. Also listed as NEUR (330 or 33000). Prerequisites: BIOL (230 or 23000) or NEUR (227 or 22700).

BIOL 33200: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 4 hour(s)

A study of life processes of plants, including photosynthesis, respiration, translocation, responses to the environment, mineral nutrition, and effects plant hormones. Laboratory experiments illustrate these topics and place special emphasis on long term projects and reports. Student must also register for a BIOL 33200 lab. Prerequisites: Biology 230 or 23000 and Chemistry 220 or 22000 completed or taken concurrently. Offered in alternate years. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 33500: EVOLUTION 3 hour(s)

Examination of the historical development and modern interpretation of evolution and the theories proposed to account for the change of organisms over time. Topics considered include origin and age of the earth; chemical evolution and the origin of life; population genetics, structure, variation, and distribution; adaptation and selection; speciation; evolution above the species level; hybridization; polyploidy; apomixis; homology; and phylogeny. Prerequisite: Biology 365 or 36500.

BIOL 33800: MICROBIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

An introduction to microorganisms, focusing on the domains Bacteria and Archnea. Topics include working with microbes, bacterial cell structure, motility and chemotaxis, microbial systematics, metabolic diversity, basics of microbial pathogenesis, and antibiotic resistance. Emphasis on hands-on experience in lab organized around a course-long project. Student must also register for a BIOL 33800 lab. Prerequisite: Biology 230 or 23000. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 34000: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

A comparative study of vertebrate development. Gametogenesis, fertilization, organogenesis of the vertebrate classes, histology of representative tissues, endocrine function in reproductive processes, implantation and review of the major contributions of experimental embryology. Student must also register for a BIOL 34000 lab. Prerequisite: Biology 230 or 23000. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 34200: MARINE ECOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

As an introduction to the ecology of the marine environment, this course will examine the relationships that occur among various marine organisms and their biotic and abiotic environments as well as the methodologies and thinking used to obtain this information. Readings from the text will be supplemented by primary literature. Field investigations may be conducted in a number of different local onshore and offshore environments. Student must also register for a BIOL 34200 lab. Prerequisites: Junior standing and one of the following: Biology (213 or 21300); (223 or 22300); (315 or 31500) and (316 or 31600) or (320 or 32000) or permission. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 34300: CONSERVATION BIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

Conservation Biology is the study of species diversity in human-impacted landscapes. As human populations grow and the demand for natural resources increases human activities inevitably erode the integrity of natural ecosystems. This erosion leads to the loss of species, both locally and globally. In this course we will study what biodiversity is, how it arises and why it is important both for ecosystem functions and human well-being. We will also examine how human economic activities impact the natural world, the ecological mechanisms at work in the process of species extinction, and how research in conservation biology has led to the development of ways to halt or even reverse species loss. Student must also register for a BIOL 34300 lab. A revised version of this course is offered as EVST/BIOL 34400 for three (3) hours. This course is also listed as Environmental Studies 34300. Prerequisite: EVST/BIOL (241 or 24100) or BIOL (341 or 34100) or permission. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 34600: ANCIENT FORESTS AND GREAT TREES 1 hour(s)

Ninety-eight percent of the world’s old-growth forests are gone. Whether humans presently living on the Earth are aware of it or not, we are witnessing what ultimately may come to be known as The Age When the Ancient Forests Disappeared. For a panoply of human-caused reasons, forests everywhere are in mortal peril. The course will conduct an interdisciplinary exploration of the subject at two levels of analysis: biological and societal. The following key dimensions of this theme will benefit from these distinct perspectives: 1) the way that the ancient forests of the world came into being and to function in their mature state; 2) the threats – nearly all of which are the product of human activity – that now imperil these ancient forests; 3) what might be done – by citizens, interest groups, and policymaking bodies at different levels of government – to ensure that what remains of our planet’s ancient forests are kept from oblivion. This course serves as a prerequisite to “Taking to the Trees” (INTD 30320), a study away trip to the Pacific Northwest and West Coast in the subsequent three-week term, and begins students’ examination of ancient forests and great trees.

BIOL 36500: GENETICS-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

A problem-based introduction to classical and molecular genetics. Key sections of the course are what are genes and how do they work, how are genes transmitted between generations, how is gene expression regulated, and how do genes change. Lab will provide hands-on experience with experimental approaches to these same questions and using those approaches to address a novel research project. Students must also register for BIOL 36500 lab. Prerequisite: Biology 230 or 23000. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 37800: IMMUNOLOGY 3 hour(s)

A problem solving approach to understanding the molecular and cellular basis of immunity in vertebrates, the differences and connections between innate and adaptive immunity, the range of innate immune functions outside of vertebrates, how self, non-self and altered self are distinguished, how immune functions deal with non-self and altered self, and disorders of the immune system. Prerequisites: Biology 230 or 23000 completed or taken concurrently.

BIOL 38000: SEMINAR 4 hour(s)

Includes various topics or upper level specialty courses. Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission.

BIOL 38100: SPECIAL TOPIC 1 - 4 hour(s)

BIOL 41500: ADVANCED MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-W/LAB 4 hour(s)

This course is designed to deepen understanding of the molecular processes of cells. The material builds on that from previous courses with respect to a few selected topics. Lab focuses on using molecular techniques to address novel research projects. Students must also register for a BIOL 41500 lab. Prerequisites: Biology 230 or 23000 and Chemistry 220 or 22000. The breakdown between lecture and lab hours is for administrative office use only. This course may only be taken as 4 credit hours.

BIOL 41510: ADVANCED MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 4 hour(s)

This course is designed to deepen understanding of the molecular processes of cells. The material builds on that from previous courses with respect to a few selected topics. Lab focuses on using molecular techniques to address novel research projects. Non-lab. Prerequisite: Biology 365 or 36500 or 366 or 36600 or permission of instructor. Offered irregularly.

BIOL 48000: SENIOR SEMINAR 1 - 4 hour(s)

Includes various topics or upper level specialty courses. Prerequisites: senior standing and permission.

BIOL 48100: INDEPENDENT RESEARCH 1 - 4 hour(s)

Students who have an original idea or topic for research may solicit support from a sponsoring faculty member and carry out the research. The student must submit a research proposal to his or her faculty research advisor, outlining the research problem, the methods to be used, possible results, and an estimate of the resources needed. The student will submit a final report to the sponsoring faculty member and a public presentation to the department if he or she is using this for the apprenticeship. Prerequisites: junior or senior standing and permission.

BIOL 48110: SENIOR SEMINAR:APPRENTICESHIP EXPERIENCE IN BIOLOGY 2 hour(s)

Students enrolled in this course will present research on a biological topic in both a written and oral format. Research must be approved by either the student’s faculty advisor or the faculty member directing the research, internship, or student teaching. Oral presentations will be given to faculty and students. Research papers will be presented in a scientific format (manuscript, technical report, etc.).

BIOL 49800: INTERNSHIP 4 hour(s)

This apprenticeship provides field experience in various areas of biology and is typically done off campus. A student selects an internship in consultation with a departmental advisor. Internships are tailored to help students gain experience for a career in biology. Students are placed in zoological and botanical gardens, biological field stations, universities, hospitals, government agencies, and private institutions, with emphasis on practical application of biology. Each student submits to the faculty advisor a journal of his or her daily activities and a paper that succinctly details the most important aspects of the internship. Each student also gives a public presentation to the department if he or she is using this for apprenticeship.